Author's Writing Organisation
Writers develop their ideas in various ways. We must recognize the patterns the writers use to develop ideas in the text. Common ways that we can do is to pay attention to the keywords or conjunctions in the text. Here are some types of reading patterns:
1. COMPARISON/CONTRAST
Compare the similarities and differences of two or more topics. The keywords of this pattern are:
- likewise
- as with
- in the same way
- But
- different from
- similarly
2. CAUSE/EFFECT
Shows the reasons and consequences of an event. The keywords of this pattern are:
- Accordingly
- As a result
- Because
- Consequences
3. TIME ORDER (Sequence)
Shows processes, procedures, cycles or events that are told from beginning to end. Usually this type of text describes "steps" or "stages". The keywords of this pattern are:
- After
- Before
- Formerly
- Thereupon
4. GENERALIZATION AND EXAMPLE
The main idea of this reading is followed by examples. Some of the keywords that indicate this development pattern include:
- for example
- for instance
- such as
- to illustrate
- to demonstrate
5. DEFINITION
Explain the definition of a term. The keywords of this pattern are:
- means
- defined as
- is referring to
- consists of
6. CLASSIFICATION
In this type of text, the writer tries to separate the information into several categories or classes. Then the author explains the categories one by one. The keywords of this pattern are:
- properties
- elements
- features
- characteristics
- aspects
- types
Contoh soal :
If we study a child’s handwriting, certain personality characteristics are revealed. If children have handwriting that is slanted only a little to the right or is straight up and down, they have a moderate temperament and use good judgment. This type is usually affectionate and sharing. However, if the handwriting slants to the far right, they are usually emotional children who react quickly. Their quick responses are often negative responses. The third type, children who write with a backhand slant, are very logical, unemotional, and sometimes very insecure. Their world seems to revolve around themselves rather than around friends and loved ones.
(adapted from mdc.edu)
1. In developing the passage, the organizational pattern used by the author could be described as….
a. classification
b. cause/effect
c. summary
d. time order
e. Example
Penjelasan:
Jawaban yang tepat adalah A, classification. Teks tersebut menjelaskan tentang klasifikasi atau penggolongan tulisan pada anak-anak berdasarkan karakter dan sifat mereka. Ada 3 klasifikasi tulisan dan karakter yang dijelaskan. Pada teks tersebut, kamu juga bisa melihat kata kunci yang mengidentifikasikan bahwa pattern atau pola yang digunakan penulis adalah klasifikasi, yaitu pada kata characteristics dan type
Opsi B kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan sebab dan akibat terjadinya sesuatu
Opsi C kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak berisi ringkasan. Ringkasan biasanya terdapat pada paragraf akhir atau penutup dalam sebuah teks
Opsi D kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan proses atau prosedur melakukan sesuatu
Opsi E kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan contoh, bisa dilihat dari tidak adanya kata kunci yang digunakan seperti for example, for instance, such as, dan lainnya.
TIPS :
Try to remember the keyword of each pattern because it will help you to find the author organization!
Read the question first before you read the text because what is asked is usually only specific to one paragraph!
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