TANDA BACA

? ¿ ⸮

Tanda Tanya (?)

Tanda baca tanya adalah simbol grafis yang digunakan di akhir kalimat untuk menunjukkan bahwa kalimat tersebut adalah pertanyaan.

• Apakah kamu sudah makan?
Tanda baca tanya (?) digunakan di akhir kalimat untuk menunjukkan bahwa pembicara ingin mendapatkan informasi—menanyakan apakah sudah makan atau belum—dari kawan bicara.

Tanya Tanya Terbalik (¿)

Tanda baca tanya terbalik adalah simbol grafis yang digunakan di awal kalimat dalam beberapa bahasa, terutama dalam bahasa Spanyol, untuk menandai bahwa kalimat tersebut adalah pertanyaan.

Dalam bahasa Spanyol, tanda baca tanya terbalik (¿) diletakkan di awal kalimat untuk menunjukkan bahwa kalimat tersebut merupakan pertanyaan. Pasangan dari tanda ini adalah tanda tanya biasa (?) yang ditempatkan di akhir kalimat.

• ¿Cómo estás? (Bagaimana kabarmu?)

Tanda baca tanya terbalik (¿) diletakkan di awal kalimat untuk menunjukkan bahwa kalimat ini adalah pertanyaan. Ini membantu pembaca mengenali bahwa kalimat ini meminta informasi tentang keadaan—kabar—seseorang.

Tanda Ironi (⸮)

Tanda baca ironi adalah simbol atau tanda yang digunakan dalam tulisan untuk menunjukkan ironi, sindiran, atau makna yang bertentangan dengan apa yang tampak secara harfiah.

• Oh, kamu datang tepat waktu⸮
Menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya orang tersebut datang terlambat.

• Itu ide yang bagus⸮
Mengindikasikan bahwa sebenarnya ide tersebut sangat buruk.

Dah, gitu aja. Jika ada pertanyaan, tidak perlu repot-repot ditanyakan.

Hedehhh

Bingung mau share apa

Kenapa orang-orang yang melihat ini tidak punya inisiatif untuk membimbing mereka ke jalan yang sepi lalu menganiaya mereka bersama-sama.

#BabMateriUTBK2024

#PenalaranUmum

*Pernyataan Paling Benar

*Pernyataan Tidak Benar

*Pembacaan Grafik/Tabel

*Pembacaan Tabel

*Penalaran Teks

*Proposisi dan Negasi

*Faktor Persekutuan Terbesar (FPB)

*Konjungsi, Disjungsi, Implikasi, dan Biimplikasi

*Ekuivalensi Logika

*Metode Penarikan Kesimpulan

*Penalaran Analitis

*Pola Bilangan

*Pola Gambar

*Operasi Bilangan

*Barisan Huruf

*Pola Bilangan

*Pola Gambar

Yahahahyuk, saya ucapkan selamat untuk head developer yang sudah mengembangkan CNC-SPA yang sudah sampe versi 0.0.1, walaupun belom versi produksi tapi cukup impressive, hanya dalam 10 hari jadi. Dari segi performance saat implementasi dalam mode produksi ya lumayan ada beberapa kendala, tapi untuk integrasi nya lumayan mudan, dan tidak memerlukan CLI. Ya intinya mantep lah yahahahyuk 😋🤟 .

Nanti head developer mau dibikinin akun aja apa gimana wkwkwk🤣

Teruntuk @pak_dosen , terima makasih sudah share kontennya, ya walaupun nyolong itu bukan ke wajiban saya sebagai sebatas dev, dan web ini sudah membuat tems and conditions, well enjoy cuy konten nya @pak_dosen 🤟😋

Summary

Summary can be described as the condensed form of comprehension. It is an exercise in which one is required to reproduce what one has decoded in as few of one’s own words as possible.

It should focus on the central idea and indicate all the main points in the passage that support the central idea, as well as the relationship between the ideas, including their order and emphasis. 

Here are some tips to follow to write a good summary:

Read the passage carefully

Reread, but start dividing the passages into sections

Underline key ideas/terms

Figure out the main idea for each section

Based on those sub-main ideas, figure out the main idea for the entire passage

Revise (delete repetitions, use transitional words to stay true to the flow of the original passage, check for grammatical & spelling errors and correct if there are any)

SAMPLE QUESTION

For most Americans, fall is synonymous with pumpkins. Some use the fruit to make delicious soups and bread, others to carve out scary jack-o-lanterns. Then there are those that spend months nurturing massive gourds for pumpkin weigh-off contests. Though there are numerous competitions nationwide, the most impressive pumpkins usually end up at the Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in Half Moon Bay, CA.

The 48-year-old annual competition — nicknamed the "Super Bowl of Weigh-Offs" — has always been a favorite among pumpkin growers. But it has become even more so after the supermarket chain raised the maximum winnable prize to $30,000 in 2015. To receive the "World Record Prize," competitors have to produce a "World Record Pumpkin."

(Adapted from: https://www.dogonews.com/2021/10/14/2191-pound-mega-gourd-takes-top-prize-at-the-super-bowl-of-pumpkin-competitions)

Which of the following is the correct summary for the passage above?

A. Pumpkins are associated with the fall season, delicious soups, breads, and jack-o-lanterns.

B. The Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in California is a competition where participants must produce a “World Record Pumpkin.”

C. The maximum winnable price has been raised to $30,000 in 2015 which is why this competition is a favoured by growers.

D. The Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off showcases the most impressive pumpkins.

E. The Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off is super exciting for a pumpkin grower like me.

STEPS TO DETERMINE THE SUMMARY

For most Americans, fall is synonymous with pumpkins. Some use the fruit to make delicious soups and bread, others to carve out scary jack-o-lanterns. Then there are those that spend months nurturing massive gourds for pumpkin weigh-off contests. Though there are numerous competitions nationwide, the most impressive pumpkins usually end up at the Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in Half Moon Bay, CA.

The 48-year-old annual competition — nicknamed the "Super Bowl of Weigh-Offs" — has always been a favorite among pumpkin growers. But it has become even more so after the supermarket chain raised the maximum winnable prize to $30,000 in 2015. To receive the "World Record Prize," competitors have to produce a "World Record Pumpkin".

Key terms:

Pumpkins, pumpkin weigh-off contests, Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off, the maximum winnable prize to $30,000 in 2015, "World Record Pumpkin."

Main ideas: 

Paragraph 1: Impressive pumpkins can be found at Safeway World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in Half Moon Bay, CA.

Paragraph 2: The maximum winnable prize has been raised to $30,000 in 2015. To receive the "World Record Prize," competitors have to produce a "World Record Pumpkin."

Option A is not a good summary because it does not include the main idea of the passage.

Option B is a good summary because it covers both the main ideas in paragraph 1 and 2.

Option C is not a good summary because it does not provide a more specific context which is the competition itself.

Option D is not a good summary because it does not cover the main idea in paragraph 2.

Option E is not a good summary because it contains a personal opinion which isn’t stated in the original passage. A good summary does not include personal opinions, it is based solely on the original passage. 

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Summary

Paraphrase

Paraphrase (parafrase) is an act of rewriting a sentence using your own words without changing the real meaning. There are several things to pay attention to, namely: 

A paraphrased sentence may use a different structure from the original work.

The meaning of a paraphrased sentence should contain the same meaning as the original work. 

A paraphrased sentence is usually specific, namely, it must contain all important elements mentioned in the original work. 

The length of a paraphrase sentence is usually similar or longer compared to the original work. 

TIPS of doing questions about paraphrase

Pay attention to the question and the highlighted sentence. 

Understand the meaning of the sentence. 

Determine the keywords to be included in a paraphrased sentence. 

Paraphrasing aims to rewrite a sentence using your own words; nonetheless, as the questions are in a form of a multiple-choice (pilihan ganda), find the sentence that delivers a similar meaning. 

REMEMBER! Choose a sentence with similar meaning to the question. 

EXAMPLE 

The emergence of new, potentially more virulent variants of the coronavirus is causing some inoculated seniors to return to their routines with caution, however.

(source: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/03/09/after-year-of-isolation-vaccinated-older-americans-start-to-reclaim-their-lives.html.) 

What is the best paraphrase of the sentence? 

A. The elderlies are more prone to the new variant of the coronavirus. 

B. Unvaccinated elderlies are being cautious of their routine as a more extreme kind of virus emerged. 

C. The old lockdown regulations resurfaced due to the emergence of the new kind of virus. 

D. A more virulent variant of the virus emerged due to many seniors going back to their old daily routines. 

E. The vaccinated seniors are being advantaged from the emergence of a new virus.  

Steps of Solving the Question 

Perhatikan kalimat yang ditanyakan, dan pahami maknanya.
"The emergence of new, potentially more virulent variants of the coronavirus is causing some inoculated seniors to return to their routines with caution, however" berarti ‘akan tetapi, kemunculan jenis virus baru yang berpotensi lebih berbahaya menyebabkan beberapa lansia yang belum disuntik vaksin harus berhati-hati dalam melakukan kembali rutinitas mereka’.

Kata kunci yang bisa diambil dari kalimat tersebut di antaranya adalah emergence (kemunculan), more virulent variants of coronavirus (varian virus corona yang lebih berbahaya), inoculated seniors (lansia yang belum suntik vaksin), routine (rutinitas), dan caution (hati-hati). 

Pilihan jawaban yang memiliki maksud/makna yang sama dari kalimat yang ditanyakan, dan juga menyertakan kata kunci pentingnya adalah opsi B Unvaccinated elderlies are being cautious of their routine as a more extreme kind of virus emerged (lansia yang belum divaksin sedang berhati-hati dalam melakukan rutinitas mereka karena munculnya jenis virus yang lebih berbahaya).  

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Paraphrase

Conclusion

A conclusion is a judgement or decision about a character, setting, or event. It's reached by applying deep thinking and reviewing information that's provided. Readers draw conclusions as they read to help them understand the story. Even though drawing conclusions and making inferences are similar, they are not the same. Often, readers draw conclusions from what additional information they gather or infer.

Steps in Drawing Conclusions

Review all the information stated about the person, setting, or event.

Next, look for any facts or details that are not stated, but inferred.

Analyze the information and decide on the next logical step or assumption.

The reader comes up with a conclusion based on the situation.

Sample Question:

You're driving on the highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over.

What can be inferred from the statement above?

Explanation:

Information we know: You're driving onthe highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over.

Prior knowledge: Police officers only pull you over if you have broken the law.

Inference: You have broken the law in one way or the other (most likely: speed limit)

Conclusion: If we can assume that you have broken the law in one way or another, we can conclude you may be getting a ticket from the police for which you would have to pay fines.

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Inference_Conclusion

Inference

Inferences is implied information (information that is not clearly stated in the text) we draw from the text. Students may better understand inferring as using clues in the text to figure out what it really means. 

One simplified model for teaching inferences includes the following steps:

We need to find clues to get some answers.  

We need to add those clues to what we already know or have read.  

There can be more than one correct answer. 

We need to be able to support inferences. 

Important to note: Inferences are not actual or ultimate truths, they are the closest you can get to the actual truth. 

Sample Question:

You're driving onthe highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over.

What can be inferred from the statement above?

Explanation:

Information we know: You're driving onthe highway, listening to the radio, and a police officer pulls you over.

Prior knowledge: Police officers only pull you over if you have broken the law.

Inference: You have broken the law in one way or the other (most likely: speed limit)

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Inference_Conclusion

Understanding Text Purpose
A text written with the author's intention and emotion. As a reader, we must acknowledge the author's intention by revealing the purpose of the text.

 Three Purposes: 

To persuade (membujuk): to convince the readers to agree with the author's ideas. Several types of texts that aim to persuade the readers are advertisement text, campaign speech, and persuasive letter or persuasive note. 

To inform (menginformasi): to inform a particular issue through a text. Several texts that aim to inform people are exposition text, article, encyclopedia, and direction.  

To entertain (menghibur): to entertain the readers as well as to invite them to use their imagination through a text, such as narrative, poem, song, and prose.

Keywords

To persuade

To argue against (berdebat melawan sesuatu)

To argue for (berdebat mendukung sesuatu)

To convince (meyakinkan)

To criticize (mengkritisi)

To inspire or motivate a change (menginspirasi atau mendorong perubahan)

To against (melawan)

To inform

To analyze (menganalisa)

To clarify (mengklarifikasi)

To discuss (mendikusikan)

To establish (mengembangkan)

To explain (menjelaskan)

To teach (mengajar)

To give a fact or facts (memberikan fakta)

To entertain

To amuse (menghibur)

To delight (menyenangkan)

To frighten (menakuti)

To describe feelings or appearance (mendeskripsikan perasaan atau penampilan)

Tips for Questions about Purpose of the Text

Pay attention to the core of the question: whether it asks about the purpose of the whole text or the purpose of the particular part of the text. This is one of helpful solutions to save time. 

Pay attention to the type of the text.
a. If it is a narrative, song, drama, or poem, the goal is exactly to entertain (menghibur).
b. If it is a text that provides information in a form of a description, study result, social or science and technology issues, news, the goal of the text is to inform (menginformasikan).
c. If the text provides the author's opinion (pros/cons) toward a certain issue, it is exactly to persuade the readers (mengajak). The author aims to invite and influence the readers to do something.

Understand the content of the text by paying attention to the main idea (ide pokok) as well as the conclusion (kesimpulan). As you understand the text, finding the author's purpose in producing the text would be easier.

EXAMPLES  

Across the United States, COVID-19 vaccinations are changing seniors' daily lives in ways large and small a year after the pandemic drove many in the high-risk group into forced isolation. Older Americans are again visiting family members, eating at their favorite restaurants and shopping in stores without fear of death or hospitalization.

(source: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/03/09/after-year-of-isolation-vaccinated-older-americans-start-to-reclaim-their-lives.html.) 

In this passage, the author’s main purpose is to...

A. give news about the life of elderly after the vaccination 

B. encourage a longer isolation for the elderly  

C. explain why the elderly population decreased after vaccination  

D. amuse readers by giving good news about COVID-19 vaccination 

E. argue that vaccination is not for the elderly 

Steps of Answering the Question 

Pay attention to the question; this question asks about the purpose of the text as a whole (secara keseluruhan), so we have to understand the entire text.

By seeing the type of the text, this is a news item text,  jenis teks di atas adalah news item, yakni teks berita yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat. Therefore, the option B (to encourage/mendorong), D (to amuse/menghibur), and and E (to argue/berdebat) are completely false.

To understand the content of the text, pay attention to the main idea of the text. The first sentence says that, "COVID-19 vaccinations are changing seniors' daily lives" (vaksinasi COVID-19 merubah kehidupan sehari-hari para lansia). This sentence serves as the main idea of the following sentence; "Older Americans are again visiting family members, eating at their favorite restaurants and shopping in stores without fear of death or hospitalization" (para warga lansia Amerika mulai mengunjungi anggota keluarga, makan di restoran favorit mereka, dan belanja di toko tanpa harus merasa takut dirawat). This sentence displays the daily life of the elderly (kehidupan sehari-hari lansia) that has become normal after getting vaccinated. 

It can be concluded that the correct answer is A (give news about the life of elderly after the vaccination/memberikan berita tentang kehidupan lansia setelah vaksinasi)

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Purpose_of_the_Text

Finding Detailed Information
Finding detailed information means discovering specific information contained in a text. 

First thing first, we have to understand supporting details. A text usually contains a main idea and a few supporting details. Main idea is the big idea that is used to develop a text. Meanwhile, supporting detail is additional ideas that support and elaborate the main idea (e.g. facts, steps, or other evidence elaborating the main idea). This elaboration part is usually the part that deals with the questions of finding detailed information. The questions itself are always around the 5W+1H; what, where, when, who, why, and how. 

Several expressions are commonly used to ask about detailed information, such as: 

What happens when people go to the gym regularly?

Where do people in Canada usually fish? 

When is the best time to study?

Who is Napoleon Bonaparte? 

Why do people in Indonesia enjoy spicy food?

How did a car emerge in our society?

Tips in Finding Detailed Information

The most important tip is to read the question first before you read the whole text. It helps you to save time by getting straight to the specific part of the text. Also, there are several methods that can be used to save time in reading the text, such as scanning and skimming.

Skimming and Scanning Techniques 

Skimming helps you to find the main discussion in a text, while scanning aims to find specific information in a text. These two techniques can help you to match several keywords between the text and the answer choices and guide you to choose the proper answer. By using  these techniques, the first thing you need to do is know what you are looking for. By doing so, you will be able to easily find the keyword related to the questions. 

EXAMPLE 

“Oven” is the umbrella and broad term for a kitchen appliance that uses heat to cook food. The appliance itself dates back to the prehistoric times when different civilizations tried to cook food with fire. The oven primarily uses a thermal insulation method to cook food. The appliance also provides a variety of cooking methods to a large number of food items. Almost any kind of food, whether it be a meat, vegetable, or fruit dish can be made with an oven. It can boil, bake, or roast any food item. Also, it can reheat large quantities of food.

Types of ovens can be classified into many categories. Cooking ovens can include: conventional oven, convection oven, earth oven, gas oven, and microwave oven. As an appliance, the oven can also be used for special purposes like pottery, forging, glass-making, ceramics, cements, and wood drying.

(source: http://www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-microwave-and-oven/#ixzz6oV9Arfx8)

How did ovens first emerge in our society? 

A. It emerges from the variety of cooking methods to cook a different kind of food item, such as meat, vegetable, and fruit.

B. The conventional oven, convection oven, earth oven, gas oven, and microwave oven first emerged to our society.

C. The varied usage of ovens as pottery, forging, glass-making, ceramics, cements, and wood drying is encouraging its emergence.

D. The people in prehistoric generations tried to cook with fire back then and it urged the emergence of ovens.

E. The need to cook any kind of food like meat, vegetable, or fruit dish urged the making of ovens.

Steps to answer the question:

Look at the question first: "How did ovens first emerge in our society?”

The question asks for a correct statement about how the oven emerged.

By doing the skimming technique, you will quickly find the main discussion on the text and get the general idea about what happened back then and how people started using the oven. Which is explicitly mentioned in "The appliance itself dates back to the prehistoric times when different civilizations tried to cook food with fire."

It can be seen that the correct answer is D (The appliance itself dates back to the prehistoric times when different civilizations tried to cook food with fire). Note that option D has the same meaning on how an oven is emerged. 

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Finding_Detailed_Information

Stated-Unstated Information
Stated-Unstated Question 

Stated-Unstated Question is a type of question aimed to find stated information and unstated information. 

Stated information is a piece of information that is mentioned in a text, while unstated information is a piece of information that is wrong and not mentioned in the text. Questions for stated-unstated information usually are as follow:

TIPS for answering the question :

1. Read the question first before you read the entire text

Pay attention to which parts of the text need to be read to answer the questions. Many questions only ask for certain parts of the text, such as paragraph 1 or paragraph 2, or only ask for true/false statements about the main idea and conclusion of the text. Don't waste your time to read the entire text that isn't asked.

2. Use skimming and scanning techniques 

Skimming aims to find the core or main discussion in a text, while scanning aims to find specific information in a text. After understanding the content of the text, do the scanning technique by matching the answer choices with the text. Most of the answer choices have the same sentence structure as the sentences in the text, so this will be very useful to save time in answering questions. Don't worry if the answer choices are different from the sentences in the text; there will be several keywords in the answer choices that show the same meaning as the text. Therefore, always be careful when doing the skimming and scanning techniques.

CONTOH SOAL

On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused massive devastation, and the ensuing tsunami decimated the Tōhoku region of northeastern Honshu. On top of the already-horrific destruction and loss of life, the natural disaster also gives rise to a nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. The Fukushima disaster is considered the second-worst nuclear disaster in history, forcing the relocation of over 100,000 people.

(source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history)

The largest earthquake in Japan caused the following event, except….

A. Originating an enormous destruction

B. Causing a nuclear disaster in Fukushima

C. Losing the life of people in Tōhoku region

D. Causing the second-worst natural disaster

E. Giving a rise to a decimating tsunami

Steps to answer the question:

Look at the question first: "The largest earthquake in Japan caused the following event, except…."

The question asks for a statement about Japan’s largest earthquake that is not mentioned in the text. 

By doing the skimming technique, you will quickly find the main discussion in the text and get the general idea about what happened in Japan's largest earthquake. 

The last sentence says that, "The Fukushima disaster is considered the second-worst nuclear disaster in history".

It can be seen that the correct answer is D (Causing the second-worst natural disaster), because the Fukushima disaster is the second-worst natural disaster itself, not the one that triggered it.

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Stated_Unstated_Question

Author's Writing Organisation
Writers develop their ideas in various ways. We must recognize the patterns the writers use to develop ideas in the text. Common ways that we can do is to pay attention to the keywords or conjunctions in the text. Here are some types of reading patterns:

1. COMPARISON/CONTRAST

Compare the similarities and differences of two or more topics. The keywords of this pattern are:

- likewise

- as with

- in the same way

- But

- different from

- similarly

2. CAUSE/EFFECT

Shows the reasons and consequences of an event. The keywords of this pattern are:

- Accordingly

- As a result

- Because

- Consequences

3. TIME ORDER (Sequence)

Shows processes, procedures, cycles or events that are told from beginning to end. Usually this type of text describes "steps" or "stages". The keywords of this pattern are:

- After

- Before

- Formerly

- Thereupon

4. GENERALIZATION AND EXAMPLE

The main idea of this reading is followed by examples. Some of the keywords that indicate this development pattern include:

- for example

- for instance

- such as

- to illustrate

- to demonstrate

5. DEFINITION

Explain the definition of a term. The keywords of this pattern are:

- means

- defined as

- is referring to

- consists of

6. CLASSIFICATION

In this type of text, the writer tries to separate the information into several categories or classes. Then the author explains the categories one by one. The keywords of this pattern are:

- properties

- elements

- features

- characteristics

- aspects

- types

Contoh soal :

If we study a child’s handwriting, certain personality characteristics are revealed. If children have handwriting that is slanted only a little to the right or is straight up and down, they have a moderate temperament and use good judgment. This type is usually affectionate and sharing. However, if the handwriting slants to the far right, they are usually emotional children who react quickly. Their quick responses are often negative responses. The third type, children who write with a backhand slant, are very logical, unemotional, and sometimes very insecure. Their world seems to revolve around themselves rather than around friends and loved ones. 

(adapted from mdc.edu)

1. In developing the passage, the organizational pattern used by the author could be described as….

a. classification 

b. cause/effect 

c. summary 

d. time order

e. Example

Penjelasan:

Jawaban yang tepat adalah A, classification. Teks tersebut menjelaskan tentang klasifikasi atau penggolongan tulisan pada anak-anak berdasarkan karakter dan sifat mereka. Ada 3 klasifikasi tulisan dan karakter yang dijelaskan. Pada teks tersebut, kamu juga bisa melihat kata kunci yang mengidentifikasikan bahwa pattern atau pola yang digunakan penulis adalah klasifikasi, yaitu pada kata characteristics dan type

Opsi B kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan sebab dan akibat terjadinya sesuatu

Opsi C kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak berisi ringkasan. Ringkasan biasanya terdapat pada paragraf akhir atau penutup dalam sebuah teks

Opsi D kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan proses atau prosedur melakukan sesuatu

Opsi E kurang tepat karena teks tersebut tidak menjelaskan contoh, bisa dilihat dari tidak adanya kata kunci yang digunakan seperti for example, for instance, such as, dan lainnya.

TIPS :

Try to remember the keyword of each pattern because it will help you to find the author organization!

Read the question first before you read the text because what is asked is usually only specific to one paragraph!

#materiUTBK2024 #LiterasiBahasaInggris#Authors_Attitude_and_Writing_Organisation